Maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain disproportionately high in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria recording the highest neonatal mortality rate at 39.3 deaths per 1000 live births. While poverty's role is established, the influence of cultural beliefs, misinformation, and disinformation on maternal and child health behaviors requires deeper understanding. This mixed-methods study employed a triangulation design analyzing media data from news outlets, Facebook, and Instagram, alongside face-to-face interviews with Nigerian mothers and caregivers. The research focused on pregnancy, breastfeeding, vaccination, and hospital care practices across major ethnic groups, examining how information, misinformation, and disinformation circulate through different channels. The study revealed complex interactions between scientific knowledge and traditional beliefs across all media platforms and interviews. Religious and cultural beliefs about witchcraft, spiritual intervention in pregnancy outcomes, and traditional practices significantly influence maternal health decisions. Misinformation persists regarding vaccine safety, breastfeeding practices, and medical conditions, often reinforced by high-profile figures including former President Obasanjo's claims about witchcraft affecting pregnancy duration. The research identified "cognitive polyphasia" - the coexistence of scientific and traditional belief systems in healthcare decision-making, where individuals may simultaneously embrace both medical science and spiritual explanations. Addressing maternal and child health challenges in Nigeria requires recognition that scientific knowledge has not replaced cultural beliefs but coexists with them. Effective health communication must adopt dialogical approaches that acknowledge traditional beliefs while promoting evidence-based practices. The study recommends counter-storytelling strategies and locally-produced healthcare solutions to overcome resistance rooted in perceptions of Western medical imperialism, suggesting that dismissing deeply-held cultural beliefs may undermine public health messaging effectiveness.